Legislature(2005 - 2006)CAPITOL 106

07/26/2006 08:00 AM House HEALTH, EDUCATION & SOCIAL SERVICES


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08:04:35 AM Start
08:08:02 AM Using Health Care Dollars Wisely: Improving Birth Outcomes
09:50:13 AM Adjourn
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ Working Group: Using Healthcare Dollars TELECONFERENCED
Wisely
Improving Birth Outcomes
Chronic Disease
                    ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE                                                                                  
 HOUSE HEALTH, EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SERVICES STANDING COMMITTEE                                                               
                         July 26, 2006                                                                                          
                           8:04 a.m.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS PRESENT                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Representative Peggy Wilson, Chair                                                                                              
Representative Paul Seaton, Vice Chair                                                                                          
Representative Carl Gatto                                                                                                       
Representative Sharon Cissna                                                                                                    
Representative Berta Gardner                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS ABSENT                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Representative Tom Anderson                                                                                                     
Representative Vic Kohring                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
COMMITTEE CALENDAR                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
USING HEALTH CARE DOLLARS WISELY:  IMPROVING BIRTH OUTCOMES                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
     - HEARD AND HELD                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
No previous action to record                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
WITNESS REGISTER                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
STEPHANIE BIRCH, Chief                                                                                                          
Women's, Children's and Family Health                                                                                           
Division of Public Health                                                                                                       
Department of Health and Social Services                                                                                        
Anchorage, Alaska                                                                                                               
POSITION STATEMENT:  Provided information regarding improving                                                                   
birth outcomes in Alaska.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
JERRY FULLER, Project Director                                                                                                  
Office of Program Review                                                                                                        
Department of Health and Social Services                                                                                        
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION STATEMENT:  During discussion of Native health,                                                                        
provided information.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
KARLEEN JACKSON, Commissioner                                                                                                   
Department of Health and Social Services                                                                                        
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION STATEMENT:  Answered questions.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
PAT CARR, Health Program Manager                                                                                                
Department of Health and Social Services                                                                                        
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION  STATEMENT:    Provided  comments  with  regard  to  the                                                               
results related to  the expansion of the  community health center                                                               
program.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
ACTION NARRATIVE                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR PEGGY WILSON called the  House Health, Education and Social                                                             
Services  Standing  Committee meeting  to  order  at 8:04:35  AM.                                                             
Representatives Wilson,  Seaton, and Gardner were  present at the                                                               
call to order.   Representatives Cissna and Gatto  arrived as the                                                               
meeting was in progress.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
^USING HEALTH CARE DOLLARS WISELY:  IMPROVING BIRTH OUTCOMES                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON announced  that the only order of  business would be                                                               
a  discussion related  to  using health  care  dollars wisely  to                                                               
improve  birth outcomes.   She  noted that  this meeting  and the                                                               
upcoming meetings will pull together  matters that were discussed                                                               
in a  conference in Denver,  Colorado, regarding  spending health                                                               
care  dollars  wisely.    The  goal is  to  review  programs  and                                                               
determine  whether  services  can  continue  and  increase  while                                                               
saving money in the long run.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
8:08:02 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
STEPHANIE BIRCH,  Chief, Women's,  Children's and  Family Health,                                                               
Division  of  Public  Health, Department  of  Health  and  Social                                                               
Services, began by  informing the committee of  her background as                                                               
a  nurse.   Ms.  Birch  drew  the  committee's attention  to  the                                                               
PowerPoint entitled, "Public Health  Protecting and Promoting the                                                               
Health of  all Alaskans."   The slides in this  PowerPoint review                                                               
indicators  of performance  that is  measured by  her section  as                                                               
well as  discussion of solutions.   Slide one  addresses prenatal                                                               
care, which  is defined as the  initiation of care.   The current                                                               
challenge is that the number  of visits that women receive during                                                               
pregnancy don't meet the national  standard or the Healthy People                                                               
(HP) 2010  goals.  In fact,  data relates that one  in five women                                                               
didn't receive  care as  early as  desired.   Furthermore, nearly                                                               
one in three Alaskan women  who delivered an infant received less                                                               
than  adequate prenatal  care and  nearly one  in seven  received                                                               
nearly no  care at all.   Therefore, quite a large  proportion of                                                               
women are coming into labor  and delivery without having received                                                               
any prenatal care.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
8:10:28 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON asked if the lack of  care is due to the woman being                                                               
located far away from where the care is located.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH answered  that  often  the woman  has  a  lack of  the                                                               
following:  knowledge of the  pregnancy during the first 12 weeks                                                               
of pregnancy, funds,  insurance, and access in  communities.  The                                                               
initiation  of the  community health  centers  and the  federally                                                               
qualified health  centers will  be helpful in  regard to  a woman                                                               
determining whether she is pregnant  and receiving early prenatal                                                               
care, she said.  However, she  noted that the number of providers                                                               
trained  in providing  good  early prenatal  care  is limited  in                                                               
terms of access and thus proves to be a challenge.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH,  in further response  to Chair Wilson,  specified that                                                               
community  health  aide  providers  are located  in  the  village                                                               
clinics.  Those health aide providers  are trained in some of the                                                               
very  basic   prenatal  care  and   thus  pregnant   women  would                                                               
periodically  visit the  regional hubs.   In  the urban  centers,                                                               
many providers  don't want to see  a pregnant women until  she is                                                               
in the second  trimester of care because of  payment.  Therefore,                                                               
a  window of  opportunity to  impact behavioral  change, such  as                                                               
with smoking cessation, has been  lost.  Ms. Birch mentioned that                                                               
nationally there is a movement  with regard to working with women                                                               
prior  to them  thinking of  becoming  pregnant as  well as  care                                                               
between pregnancies.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
8:13:09 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH related that coverage  for insurance increased up until                                                               
2002,  and then  in  2003 there  was a  statutory  freeze of  the                                                               
Medicaid rate  at 175  percent.  Furthermore,  since there  is no                                                               
ability  to  modify that  statutory  freeze  for cost  of  living                                                               
changes, the eligibility level has  steadily decreased over time.                                                               
Currently, the  Medicaid rate in  Alaska is about 164  percent of                                                               
poverty.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
8:13:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH  returned to  the  subject  of  low birth  weight  and                                                               
related  that Alaska  has had  some success  in this  area.   For                                                               
instance,  Alaska's  proportion  of  low birth  weights  is  much                                                               
better than  the national [percentage], but  Alaska still doesn't                                                               
meet the Healthy  People goals.  However,  Alaska's proportion of                                                               
preterm  births and  very low  birth weights,  which are  smaller                                                               
than  they once  were, is  increasing and  these babies  are very                                                               
costly. She  related that 75  percent of those  babies eventually                                                               
qualify  for  Medicaid.   Furthermore,  often  these babies  have                                                               
life-long  issues  for which  Medicaid  is  often responsible  to                                                               
support.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
8:15:53 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH then turned attention  to the birth defects and pointed                                                               
out that  the department  has a  health data  book with  10 years                                                               
worth of  data regarding  birth defects in  Alaska.   She pointed                                                               
out  that Alaska's  infant mortality  rate due  to birth  defects                                                               
looks good as compared nationally,  although the state hasn't met                                                               
the Healthy People goal.   However, the incidence of spina bifida                                                               
and other  neural tube  defects (NTD) [in  Alaska is  higher than                                                               
the national  average].   Furthermore, the  highest rates  of NTD                                                               
occur in  the Interior and  Southwest regions.  She  informed the                                                               
committee that  the best way to  prevent such defects is  to take                                                               
an extra  dose of folic acid  and the knowledge of  folic acid by                                                               
women is  increasing.  Ms.  Birch specified that  approximately 5                                                               
percent  of Alaska's  babies are  born  with at  least one  major                                                               
congenital  defect,  most  often  cardiovascular.    She  further                                                               
specified that 1 in  60 live births have a heart  defect and 1 in                                                               
150 have congenital urinary defects.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
8:19:04 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH  moved  on  to  the slide  related  to  fetal  alcohol                                                               
syndrome (FAS), and  confirmed that Alaska continues  to lead the                                                               
nation  in  the prevalence  of  children  with  FAS.   Each  year                                                               
approximately 126 children  are born with FAS.   She informed the                                                               
committee that FAS is a  reportable birth defect, and therefore a                                                               
chart review  is performed on each  child reported as such.   Ms.                                                               
Birch expressed concern with a survey  in which 36 of OB/GYNs and                                                               
18  percent   of  family  practice   physicians  say   that  it's                                                               
acceptable  for women  to drink  alcohol during  pregnancy.   She                                                               
questioned where  the message  has been lost.   She  then related                                                               
that  once women  are screened  and found  to be  drinking during                                                               
pregnancy,  there  aren't  enough  beds  or  treatment  services,                                                               
particularly for pregnant women with small children.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
8:20:48 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH continued  with the slide related to  the post neonatal                                                               
and  infant mortality  rate.   She  explained  that the  neonatal                                                               
period is  considered the  first 30  days of  life and  thus post                                                               
neonatal time would refer to the  time after the first 30 days to                                                               
the first year.  Unfortunately,  Alaska's post neonatal mortality                                                               
rate is  2.7 times  greater than the  Healthy People  2010 target                                                               
and 1.6 times  that of the national rate, which  can be partially                                                               
attributed  to Alaska's  high incidence  of  sudden infant  death                                                               
syndrome (SIDS).   Significant health  disparities exist  in this                                                               
area, she emphasized.   She related that infants  born to mothers                                                               
less than  20 years of age  are significantly more likely  to die                                                               
within the  first year  of life.   Furthermore,  infant mortality                                                               
amongst Alaska Natives  is twice that of adults  despite the fact                                                               
that  infant  mortality  has  been  steadily  decreasing.    Post                                                               
neonatal  infant   mortality  of  Alaska  Natives   has  steadily                                                               
increased, and  is 3.3 times  higher than whites.   Although much                                                               
work has  been done in relation  to SIDS and the  "Back to Sleep"                                                               
campaign, the aforementioned health disparity persists.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
8:22:32 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH  turned to  the  slide  related  to the  infant  sleep                                                               
position  and  co-sleeping.   She  informed  the  committee  that                                                               
Alaska has an increasing number  of women and families who report                                                               
co-sleeping  with  their  infants.    Therefore,  the  behavioral                                                               
change doesn't seem  to be working.  The  aforementioned has lead                                                               
to the  campaign regarding  how to safely  sleep with  an infant.                                                               
In the analyzation of Alaska's  death records, the association of                                                               
co-sleeping and  infant death  was found only  in cases  when the                                                               
adult was impaired by alcohol or drugs.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
8:23:59 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH  concluded  by relating  solutions  to  improve  birth                                                               
outcomes  as  follows:   improved  access  to  preconception  and                                                               
prenatal  care; enhanced  funding  for education  of health  care                                                               
providers;   enhanced  fees   for   providers   who  offer   care                                                               
coordination in his/her office.   The enhanced fees for providers                                                               
offering  care coordination  in the  office is  utilized in  some                                                               
states.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON recalled  that the conference in  Denver brought out                                                               
that improving access  to [care to] mothers  made more difference                                                               
than anything  else.  She then  inquired as to how  much a normal                                                               
insurance company pays for [preconception and prenatal care].                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH answered  that the major provider  groups generally pay                                                               
for a  certain number of  visits of a  regular pregnancy.   For a                                                               
high risk pregnancy, the insurance  company requires approval for                                                               
additional  visits.    However,   some  package  insurance  plans                                                               
specify a certain amount of  money and thus physicians often want                                                               
to  see  the pregnant  woman  more  during  the later  stages  of                                                               
pregnancy when potential problems exist.   In further response to                                                               
Chair Wilson, Ms. Birch indicated that  Medicaid is paid on a per                                                               
visit basis, but she deferred to others for further detail.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
8:27:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER  highlighted   that  many  Alaskans  have                                                               
access to health  care through Indian Health Care  Services.  She                                                               
then inquired  as to  whether Indian  Health Care  Services cover                                                               
prenatal or pre prenatal care.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH  confirmed that  Indian Health  Care Services  do offer                                                               
prenatal care.   In fact, for the last three  years Indian Health                                                               
Care Services have  had a high risk maternal  fetal physician who                                                               
cares for the  highest risk families.  However,  the challenge is                                                               
tracking  Native  families who  come  in  and out  of  population                                                               
centers and the village.  In  reviewing data, it is apparent that                                                               
much  could  be done  to  work  with  rural health  providers  to                                                               
educate them  regarding new trends  and information, such  as the                                                               
high risk factors of hypertension and diabetes.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
8:29:23 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  CISSNA asked  if there  has been  any study  with                                                               
regard to the  ties between Alaska's increase in  obesity and low                                                               
birth weights.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH said that she didn't  know of any studies reviewing the                                                               
rate of  obesity associated with  low birth weight.   She related                                                               
that some  of the most obese  patients have some of  the smallest                                                               
babies because much  of an obese woman's blood  supply is already                                                               
diverted to  her own  weight.   Therefore, sometimes  there isn't                                                               
enough  nutrient  value  and  blood  supply  to  feed  the  baby.                                                               
Another interesting  fact is  that most  very obese  women aren't                                                               
able  to  deliver  vaginally  and  thus have  a  higher  rate  of                                                               
cesarean deliveries.   Furthermore, very obese women  are also at                                                               
greater  risk   of  having  pregnancy-induced   hypertension  and                                                               
diabetes,  which  results in  babies  that  are delivered  early.                                                               
Therefore, these  are often smaller  babies with small  lungs who                                                               
are  in the  intensive care  unit for  a long  period.   This all                                                               
supports the need to focus  on [health care during] preconception                                                               
and the time in between pregnancies.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  CISSNA highlighted  the  expense, monetarily  and                                                               
socially, of infants  who are hospitalized after  birth when they                                                               
should be bonding with the mother  and others.  She suggested the                                                               
need to focus  on decreasing hospitalization in  order to address                                                               
[later] social, mental, and physical problems.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH noted  her agreement.  She informed  the committee that                                                               
the newborn intensive care units  have dramatically changed, such                                                               
that now  it's common  to have single-room  care so  that parents                                                               
can  help  care  for  their  infants.   The  ICU  has  made  many                                                               
accommodations to allow parental  involvement.  Ms. Birch related                                                               
that  children born  with  long-term problems  are  at more  than                                                               
twice the risk for child abuse  and neglect.  She highlighted the                                                               
stress involved in a situation in  which a baby is 1,500 miles or                                                               
more away receiving care.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
8:34:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER returned attention  to the slide regarding                                                               
low birth weight  and preterm birth, which  specifies that Alaska                                                               
is doing better than the national average.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH pointed out that  the data regarding the aforementioned                                                               
is from  2003.  More  recent data shows that  Alaska's [incidence                                                               
of low birth  weight and preterm birth]  have steadily increased.                                                               
One of  the reasons  Alaska's low birth  weight has  decreased is                                                               
the  advent of  the newborn  intensive  care unit  in the  1980s.                                                               
However,   the  numbers   of  smaller   and  sicker   babies  are                                                               
increasing.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
8:36:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH, returning to solutions,  emphasized the need to review                                                               
smoking cessation  because data  indicates that  it's one  of the                                                               
most important interventions.   She attributed the aforementioned                                                               
to  the fact  that no  matter  a mother's  social situation,  she                                                               
wants to  have a  healthy baby.   Therefore,  mothers tend  to be                                                               
very  motivated to  change their  behavior.   She explained  that                                                               
mothers  benefit  the  most   from  smoking  cessation  educators                                                               
trained  to work  with  pregnant women.    However, there  aren't                                                               
enough cross-trained individuals to  support smoking cessation of                                                               
pregnant  women.   Ms. Birch  then reiterated  the need  to place                                                               
greater emphasis  on the use  of folic acid; support  the alcohol                                                               
abstinence  programs; support  the "Back  to Sleep  Program"; and                                                               
provide co-sleeping  education.  She then  informed the committee                                                               
that  eliminating  maternal smoking  may  lead  to a  10  percent                                                               
reduction in  all infant deaths  and a 12 percent  reduction from                                                               
perinatal  conditions  such  as  low  birth  weight,  respiratory                                                               
disease, and SIDS.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
8:39:40 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH related other solutions  including the need for greater                                                               
access  to intra-conception  care such  that the  use of  regular                                                               
birth control  is encouraged as is  birth spacing of two  or more                                                               
years.   She informed  the committee that  women who  qualify for                                                               
the  Denali KidCare  Program for  pregnancy receive  up to  eight                                                               
weeks of  postpartum care.   Therefore, unless such women  have a                                                               
permanent solution for birth control,  they have no birth control                                                               
after  60 days.    Although public  health  and community  health                                                               
centers dispense birth control pills  for free or a reduced rate,                                                               
that reduced  rate is still  fairly expensive.  She  then related                                                               
that [data shows] that young  women will take birth control pills                                                               
correctly  the first  three months,  after which  they take  them                                                               
incorrectly.   Therefore,  much support  and education  regarding                                                               
the various forms of contraception is necessary.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
8:41:15 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE CISSNA  recalled that  last year when  she visited                                                               
public health offices in rural  areas, she was informed that they                                                               
were   having   difficulty   obtaining   birth   control   pills.                                                               
Therefore, she  questioned whether access  to birth control  is a                                                               
problem.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH responded  that some  types of  birth control  is more                                                               
difficult to obtain  than others.  Therefore,  another project is                                                               
attempting to work  on the access to birth control.   She pointed                                                               
out that  sometimes the high cost  of birth control is  caused by                                                               
the  prices of  the  pharmaceutical companies.    Ms. Birch  then                                                               
related  that  for  every  $1  spent in  family  planning  $3  in                                                               
Medicaid  for prenatal  and newborn  care is  saved.   Therefore,                                                               
access to family planning could be very helpful.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
8:42:45 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GATTO inquired  as to  whether high  birth weight                                                               
infants are increasing.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH  related  that  women   with  diabetes  are  monitored                                                               
heavily.   The  challenge  is  that as  babies  are  larger in  a                                                               
diabetic mother,  they aren't necessarily healthier.   Therefore,                                                               
these  babies are  often delivered  earlier through  cesarean and                                                               
have many problems.  She  reminded the committee that babies born                                                               
to  women who  are  obese  are often  smaller  because the  blood                                                               
supply from  the mother  is diverted  to supporting  the mother's                                                               
weight.   All  of the  aforementioned  carries a  cost and  often                                                               
carries long-term effects.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GATTO  commented that folic acid  is really cheap.                                                               
He  then inquired  as to  whether it  would be  valuable to  take                                                               
folic acid prior  to conception.  He also inquired  as to whether                                                               
there  is any  impact  on  males who  take  folic  acid prior  to                                                               
conception.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH agreed  that folic acid is inexpensive.   She explained                                                               
that  the department  has  encouraged even  young  women to  take                                                               
multi-vitamins with 400  micrograms of folic acid.   However, she                                                               
noted that access to and  cost of multi-vitamins can be difficult                                                               
in rural areas.  With regard  to men taking folic acid, there are                                                               
studies  related  to   the  importance  of  folic   acid  in  the                                                               
prevention  of heart  disease and  some cancers.   She  mentioned                                                               
that folic acid has been added to cereals and bread.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
8:46:28 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SEATON  recalled an advertisement regarding  a new                                                               
long-term implant for birth control, and  asked if it's in use in                                                               
Alaska.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH informed the committee  that this new long-term implant                                                               
was just  FDA approved, and  therefore has  limited availability.                                                               
She surmised that the department will  have to review it in terms                                                               
of cost  as well as  access to mid-level nurse  practitioners who                                                               
would  be  required to  insert  this  new  implant.   Through  an                                                               
agreement  with  the  Division   of  Public  Health,  funds  were                                                               
provided  to  help  purchase   contraceptives  other  than  birth                                                               
control pills, including two long-term IUDs and a vaginal ring.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  SEATON  requested  that  Ms.  Birch  provide  the                                                               
committee with  the information regarding the  cost effectiveness                                                               
of the implant, as well as the  cost of the failure of taking the                                                               
pill incorrectly.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
8:49:10 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH,  in response  to Chair Wilson,  said this  new implant                                                               
has just  been approved and hasn't  had much usage.   She offered                                                               
to provide  any data that comes  forward in relation to  this new                                                               
implant.   She then related  the downside of other  birth control                                                               
methods that came to light after usage.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
8:51:35 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GATTO returned to  the issue of co-sleeping, which                                                               
would seem  to be  natural, and  asked if  there is  any research                                                               
regarding the benefits of co-sleeping.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH  answered that  there is much  research with  regard to                                                               
the  benefits of  co-sleeping, especially  with regard  to breast                                                               
feeding.  In fact, there is  a study that specifies that SIDS may                                                               
be reduced by co-sleeping.  In  Alaska the approach is to educate                                                               
folks with regard to how to safely co-sleep with an infant.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
8:54:35 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH then reminded the  committee that Alaska has a Maternal                                                               
Infant Morbidity  and Mortality  Review Committee.   In reviewing                                                               
10  years  worth  of  data,  it was  found  that  alcohol  was  a                                                               
contributing  factor  in 28  percent  of  the deaths  of  mothers                                                               
occurring at the time  of delivery up to a year  later.  The data                                                               
also  found that  23  percent  of those  deaths  were related  to                                                               
socioeconomic  factors  while 10  percent  of  those deaths  were                                                               
attributed to  inappropriate medical  care.  The  data ultimately                                                               
showed  that  60-77  percent  of  those  deaths  for  women  were                                                               
preventable   by  better   patient  education,   more  aggressive                                                               
tertiary referrals, and improvements in medical management.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
8:56:03 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER  inquired  as   to  whether  the  medical                                                               
factors leading to mothers' death  were related to the postpartum                                                               
condition.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH answered that some of  [the deaths] were related to the                                                               
lack of recognition  of high blood pressure.   She explained that                                                               
typically  mothers who  delivered  vaginally are  seen six  weeks                                                               
postpartum while those who delivered  via cesarean are seen eight                                                               
weeks  postpartum.   Sometimes, she  related, a  woman with  high                                                               
blood  pressure will  see a  climb in  that blood  pressure after                                                               
delivery and that's  not recognized.  The  aforementioned was the                                                               
case for some  of the deaths.  A high  contributing factor to the                                                               
deaths  of the  mothers was  drug use.   Therefore,  [the medical                                                               
factors leading  to mothers'  death] are  related to  the chronic                                                               
conditions  of  the mother  that  weren't  well controlled  after                                                               
delivery.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
8:57:08 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. BIRCH continued to relate  that these deaths were preventable                                                               
with alcohol and drug abuse  treatment, mental health counseling,                                                               
[recognition  of and  treatment for]  postpartum depression,  and                                                               
greater availability of shelters  and safety management plans for                                                               
women experiencing  domestic violence.   She noted that  a number                                                               
of these women "died by their partners."                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
8:57:47 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON pointed out that  domestic violence increases during                                                               
pregnancy,  and   inquired  as   to  whether   domestic  violence                                                               
continues after the pregnancy.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH replied  yes.   In  fact, domestic  violence tends  to                                                               
escalate after the  pregnancy because the baby  becomes the focus                                                               
of attention rather than the batterer.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
8:58:57 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON  referred to the  [health data] book,  which related                                                               
that almost double the children  with disabilities are located in                                                               
northern and southwestern Alaska  where most Natives are located.                                                               
Therefore,  she  suggested  that  it's   an  area  on  which  the                                                               
committee should focus, although  those populations receive their                                                               
health  care for  free.   She mentioned  that education  could be                                                               
helpful.    Chair  Wilson encouraged  the  committee  members  to                                                               
review ways in which to save funds  in the area of health care in                                                               
Alaska.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:01:04 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
JERRY  FULLER,  Project  Director,   Office  of  Program  Review,                                                               
Department  of Health  and Social  Services,  said that  although                                                               
it's technically correct that Alaska  Natives receive health care                                                               
free, the Indian Health Service  (IHS) grant to the Alaska Tribal                                                               
Health  Corporation  isn't  all  that  encompassing.    In  fact,                                                               
nationally it's estimated  that it funds about 57  percent of the                                                               
need.    The aforementioned  funds  aren't  nearly sufficient  to                                                               
provide  all the  services that  are  available to  those with  a                                                               
private insurance plan.  He  opined that Alaska Natives have very                                                               
inadequate  systems  for meeting  the  needs  of the  membership.                                                               
Therefore, [Alaska Natives]  look to Medicaid as  the first payer                                                               
for some services.  Mr. Fuller  stated that the care system isn't                                                               
funded adequately to meet all of the needs.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
9:02:50 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  SEATON returned  to the  issue of  prenatal care,                                                               
and  asked   if  IHS  provides  adequate   funding  for  prenatal                                                               
services.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
MR.  FULLER said  it's  hard to  say.   However,  he opined  that                                                               
tribal  corporations  do spend  their  federal  funds to  support                                                               
prenatal care and  birthing services, although the  ability to do                                                               
so may  vary with the corporation.   He indicated that  there may                                                               
be  deficiencies due  to other  factors beyond  funding, such  as                                                               
inability to obtain certain health professionals.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON recalled her time working  in the clinic in Tok that                                                               
also  housed a  physician's assistant  who was  in charge  of the                                                               
five health clinics for the  nearby villages.  She suggested that                                                               
perhaps  training for  the villages  would be  appropriate.   She                                                               
then  inquired as  to  the cost  to the  state  for prenatal  and                                                               
postnatal care costs.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
MR. FULLER offered to provide that information to the committee.                                                                
                                                                                                                                
9:06:07 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
KARLEEN JACKSON,  Commissioner, Department  of Health  and Social                                                               
Services,  related  that per  prenatal  visit  Medicaid will  pay                                                               
$77.61, for delivery  Medicaid will pay $1,207,  and per delivery                                                               
post care  Medicaid will pay  $2,428.  Therefore,  although there                                                               
may be  Medicaid funding such  that a  woman doesn't have  to pay                                                               
for  prenatal  care,  there  are  still  issues  with  regard  to                                                               
reimbursement related  to Medicaid.  The  aforementioned requires                                                               
review, she said.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
9:07:13 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER  JACKSON, in  response to  Chair Wilson,  offered to                                                               
obtain budget information for the committee.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON expressed the need  to review the budgets as changes                                                               
are made in  order to determine whether those have  cut costs and                                                               
address any new problems.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER  commented  that   the  challenge  is  in                                                               
demonstrating the savings.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:08:27 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
PAT  CARR,  Health  Program Manager,  Department  of  Health  and                                                               
Social Services,  related that over  the past 6 years  the number                                                               
of  federally funded  community health  centers has  increased in                                                               
number from 2 to over  23 such organizations that receive federal                                                               
health  center  funding.    These grants  are  usually  at  least                                                               
$650,000 per  year, although many  of the health  centers receive                                                               
more funding than  that.  She noted that this  program includes a                                                               
definition of a more comprehensive range  of care.  About half of                                                               
the  community health  centers are  tribally  managed, which  has                                                               
resulted in  a partnership between tribal  delivered services and                                                               
traditional nontribal services.  Alaska,  she related, was one of                                                               
the first states to have such  a partnership across systems.  She                                                               
suggested  that perhaps  the  committee may  want  to review  the                                                               
results  of  this partnership.    Although  there are  24  funded                                                               
organizations,  the funding  is  disseminated  between 75-100  of                                                               
Alaska's health  centers.  With  the increase in  federal funding                                                               
for health centers, only a  few new health centers have surfaced.                                                               
Ms.  Carr  said that  she  couldn't  specify  how many  of  these                                                               
community health centers  provided prenatal care or  how many are                                                               
able to  increase the level  of prenatal care with  the increased                                                               
funds.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
9:11:19 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER  opined that  it seems obvious  to partner                                                               
with tribally managed organizations.   However, she asked whether                                                               
there are any disadvantages to doing so.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
MS. CARR informed  the committee that one of  the requirements of                                                               
the community  health center program  is that  there has to  be a                                                               
community  board.    However,  the  tribal  organizations  aren't                                                               
required  to  do  so.    She noted  that  there  have  been  some                                                               
situations in  which there has been  perceived competition within                                                               
the communities.   Ms. Carr  opined that through  this [community                                                               
health center] program, more care  has been provided in the local                                                               
communities.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
9:12:58 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE CISSNA  related that one  of the huge  concerns is                                                               
that  the  state  may  make  changes  or  mandate  changes  in  a                                                               
community for which  the state doesn't come through  with its end                                                               
of the bargain.   She also highlighted the  concern that villages                                                               
may experience  with regard to  having decisions made  from those                                                               
outside of the area.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON recalled  1993-1997 when it was difficult  to find a                                                               
health  aide  willing to  be  responsible  and available  at  all                                                               
hours.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
9:15:58 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER JACKSON related that the  department has had to work                                                               
on   developing  a   trusting   relationship   with  the   tribal                                                               
organizations   in   order    to   develop   the   aforementioned                                                               
partnership.   Then it takes  time to establish  the bureaucratic                                                               
pieces.  Therefore, these partnerships aren't easy to establish.                                                                
                                                                                                                                
9:16:37 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH returned  to the  issue of  prenatal care  and related                                                               
that an  avenue for delivery  of prenatal care locally  using the                                                               
community  health  centers  and the  federally  qualified  health                                                               
centers is  a terrific area upon  which to focus attention.   She                                                               
related that  she has  found providers to  be very  interested in                                                               
providing care.  She indicated  that [some of the difficulty with                                                               
providing prenatal  care in the  aforementioned centers]  is that                                                               
most of the providers are  generalists and face a wide population                                                               
to  serve.   In  fact, heavy  users in  villages  are those  with                                                               
chronic  illness, which  is what  many of  the village  providers                                                               
have to focus.  Ms. Birch  suggested that her section may need to                                                               
develop a  needs assessment in  order to determine what  would be                                                               
helpful for  providers in providing  for early prenatal  care and                                                               
in between pregnancy care.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:18:05 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON  suggested that  perhaps  schools  could have  good                                                               
health day curriculum.                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
9:19:22 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  BIRCH  related that  most  school  districts require  health                                                               
education at both the elementary,  middle school, and high school                                                               
levels.  However, the information  provided is dependent upon the                                                               
level of comfort of the instructor.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
9:20:24 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GATTO  mentioned that  the Mat-Su  School District                                                               
does  have school  nurses in  each school.   Although  the school                                                               
nurses are  an important  part of the  curriculum, the  school is                                                               
doing so many  other things that it may be  difficult to fit into                                                               
the school  day.   He suggested that  school nurses  are becoming                                                               
adjunct parents to a great many kids.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
9:23:22 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  CISSNA  opined  that   the  state  could  develop                                                               
curriculum   modules  for   health   education  through   various                                                               
subjects.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
9:24:53 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON  pointed  out  that   each  district  has  its  own                                                               
curriculum and thus such an  endeavor would require including the                                                               
school board.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
9:25:31 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER JACKSON  reminded the  committee that  Northwest and                                                               
Interior Alaska have higher instances  of substance abuse, mental                                                               
health issues,  and suicide.  Therefore,  perhaps specific school                                                               
districts  could be  targeted to  promote health  around multiple                                                               
issues.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  CISSNA  discussed  getting  involved  with  local                                                               
school districts.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON  expressed her  desire  that  by  the end  of  this                                                               
process, the committee  would be able to determine  what areas of                                                               
the state need the most help and  what help can be provided.  She                                                               
reviewed ideas  for addressing issues  that arise, such  as using                                                               
public service announcements and faith-based initiatives.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
9:29:09 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SEATON  recalled testimony that Denali  KidCare is                                                               
really 164 percent of poverty  rather than 175 percent, which has                                                               
been attributed  to inflation.   However,  he said  he understood                                                               
that the poverty rate is inflation  indexed.  If that's the case,                                                               
he questioned why the percentage hasn't remained 175 percent.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER JACKSON  related that the legislation  specified the                                                               
dollar  amount  of what  was  175  percent  of poverty  at  2003.                                                               
Therefore, the dollar amount doesn't change.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.  FULLER agreed,  adding that  the legislation  eliminated the                                                               
inflation factor and  froze the income level at  a certain dollar                                                               
amount in statute.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON  recalled  that  at  the  time  it  was  a  way  of                                                               
controlling costs when cuts were necessary.   If the price of oil                                                               
wasn't at its current level, the  state would still be facing the                                                               
need  to make  cuts.   Therefore,  as was  stated  at the  Denver                                                               
conference, whatever the state does  needs to be sustainable over                                                               
the long-term.   Chair Wilson  opined that the  [specified dollar                                                               
amount in statute] shouldn't be changed.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:32:41 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER  JACKSON reminded  the  committee  that the  Federal                                                               
Medical Assistance  Percentage (FMAP) rate is  only held harmless                                                               
through 2008, after which the  state will face a large [increase]                                                               
in the  amount of the percent  of Medicaid that the  state has to                                                               
provide from general funds.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON commented  that  the  more that  can  be done  with                                                               
regard to prevention provides savings "at the other end."                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
9:33:55 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.  FULLER highlighted  that certain  [health care]  investments                                                               
early  can also  impact  savings in  the  juvenile and  education                                                               
budgets.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON  announced that tomorrow  the Blue  Ribbon Committee                                                               
on  Early Childhood  Development  study  and its  recommendations                                                               
will be released.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
9:35:14 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER  noted her  agreement with Mr.  Fuller and                                                               
recalled  two  years  ago  the  committee  agreeing  to  look  at                                                               
everything with  the alcohol filter.   She suggested that  if the                                                               
state  can get  a handle  on alcohol  abuse, then  maternal child                                                               
health can  be discussed and  savings can  be seen across  a wide                                                               
range of areas.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON  indicated that perhaps  the general public  may not                                                               
realize the aforementioned connections.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER interjected that everyone knows it.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON  expressed  the  need  to  have  the  research  and                                                               
information ready  for next  year to be  prepared for  the budget                                                               
deliberations on  these matters.   She  highlighted that  it will                                                               
take some time to realize any savings.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER  JACKSON, in  response  to  Chair Wilson,  announced                                                               
that  the  topic of  the  next  committee meeting  is  behavioral                                                               
health,  which  should  address  alcohol,  substance  abuse,  and                                                               
mental  health  issues  as  well  as  faith-based  and  community                                                               
issues.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:38:20 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  SEATON  provided  the committee  with  an  e-mail                                                               
dated June  1, 2006, from  a former Alaska  Psychiatric Institute                                                               
(API) nurse  who resigned  because she  believed that  working at                                                               
API  jeopardized her  license.   He  suggested the  need for  the                                                               
committee to review  this situation at a  future meeting, perhaps                                                               
next week.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:42:36 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR WILSON recalled that this  past session the budget included                                                               
raises  for  state employed  nurses.    However, the  funds  only                                                               
covered  the raises  for nine  months.   She  mentioned that  API                                                               
doesn't pay  as much as  the private sector, which  she indicated                                                               
as one of the problems with API.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER JACKSON  informed the committee that  the Department                                                               
of Administration  is performing a  wage study for the  family of                                                               
nurse job categories, which should  be complete around the end of                                                               
July.   The state's  nurses receiving a  salary increase  will be                                                               
retroactive to July 1st.   Commissioner Jackson said that she may                                                               
not have all  the pertinent information next week  for a meeting,                                                               
but she offered to have a preliminary discussion.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  WILSON  emphasized that  this  is  an important  issue  to                                                               
address because if API loses enough  nurses, it will have to shut                                                               
down  beds  due  to  the  lack   of  staff  to  cover  the  beds.                                                               
Therefore, she said  she didn't have a problem  calling a meeting                                                               
next week.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:44:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  CISSNA  commented   that  throughout  discussions                                                               
regarding the shortage  of nurses there has been a  lack of focus                                                               
on retention issues.   Recent studies, she  related, specify that                                                               
a  nurse's  wage   isn't  as  important  as   the  conditions  of                                                               
employment.   She pointed out that  the e-mail refers to  some of                                                               
the conditions at a state institute  and if the state can't set a                                                               
high  bar  with  regard  to the  environment,  one  can't  expect                                                               
private  sector to  do so  either.   Without establishing  better                                                               
working environments,  nurses will  be lost  to other  states and                                                               
countries.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:46:17 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER  JACKSON suggested  that perhaps  she could  contact                                                               
the involved parties in order to schedule this meeting.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:47:05 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SEATON clarified that  he doesn't want the meeting                                                               
to  be merely  a wage  discussion.   The  e-mail discusses  lower                                                               
standards of care that need  to be reviewed and perhaps addressed                                                               
with rapid adjustments.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:48:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
COMMISSIONER JACKSON  expressed the desire to  address the issues                                                               
brought forth in the e-mail.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
9:49:12 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GATTO, drawing from  discussions with his daughter                                                               
who works in the State  of Washington treating troubled children,                                                               
related his  suspicion that underfunded and  understaffed [mental                                                               
health facilities] is a nationwide problem.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
9:49:58 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  CISSNA opined  that ultimately  cutting costs  in                                                               
the short-term means large costs later.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:50:11 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
ADJOURNMENT                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
There being no  further business before the  committee, the House                                                               
Health, Education and Social  Services Standing Committee meeting                                                               
was adjourned at 9:50:13 AM.                                                                                                  

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